Processing

Processing is changing.
Central processing unit(CPU) is the processor in the computer.
Computers are continuously changing what comes in, and sends it back out.

Computer modeling

Computer modeling is Simulations. Simulation is formulas and variables, variables are your 'what if?' question.

The immediacy is why computer modeling is important. You can immediately test, reset and edit.

Modelling (Simulating)

Some examples are: Word, it simulates a piece of paper and allows lots of scenarios to be created quickly.
Flight Simulator, models flying around in a plane, can simulate any weather conditions(scenarios).

Computers are used to make models(scenarios)/simulate real life variations. It includes formulas and variables and the variables are the what if questions. Everything can be tested immediately, and you can immediately reset your scenario for something else.(retry)

Section 7

Sensors:

-weather sensors

-heart-rate monitors in hospitals

-fire alarm

-timers used in microwaves, races

1.ADC:

 (analogue digital converters) converts a continuous quantity to a discrete time digital representation.

2.Knowledge Base: what you will be dealing with

Eg.(there is rain)

3.Rule Base(formulas)

Eg.heart rate monitor(DANGER>ALARM)

4.Inference Enigma Alarm(google rule)

5.Hardware?

(monitor etc.)

6. Software

Modelling =simulating =.variables =answering ''what if'' question=

x3 types of processing:(any type of computer work where something goes in and comes out differently)

1. Batch processing.eg.Cheques-pile up cheques and at down time insert the cheques into a machine instead of doing it straight away.
2. Real time processing(happens now).In-Out-In.Anywhere where response is needed (right now) involving pc's for example a nuclear powerplant.

Online processing: down an internet connection with inputs.The processing is done somewhere else not on the computer your currently using. For example when you purchase airline tickets online your using your keyboard to do it however its been completed on a different computer somewhere else.

Sensors

Sensors=most common in the world

ADC=Analogue digital conveters

Sensors that monitor things such as heart rate etc. have to have a KNOWLEDGE BASE

RULE BASE=formulas if something happens e.g. 200 heart rate equals danger

The search engine which the sensor is called the INFERENCE ENGINE. It tries to find a formula or solution for a problem. -- googles the rules

HARDWARE - e.g. mouse or no mouse

SOFTWARE - whats the software going to do and what options will be avaliable.

Uses for ITC and why

Newsletters:  King’s courier, News, detailed, paragraphs.

Website: Facebook, for people who are willing to visit the site, and people who have access to computers.

Presentations: PowerPoint communicates to a large audience, in one room.

Flyers: A summarised form of advertising

Poster: For visual advertisement where passer-by’s walk.

Music stores: More convenient, quality is higher, editing easier.

Health and Safety issues on Computers

Safety:
Food and Drink at computers. Way to avoid this is by not doing it.
Loose Cables. Avoid this with cable management, which is keeping them tied up and out of the way.
Overloading the power sockets. Way to avoid this is by not plugging 4 billion things into on socket.

Health
RSI, We will get this because we spend ages on computers playing games and all sorts of other devices.
Arthritis, we will get this because we sit on horrible chairs that don't provide any support for our backs causing us to get back problems.

Health vs. safety

Health Risks
1.RSI (Repetitive Strain Injury) in hands. To prevent, take short breaks every 30 seconds.
2. Eye problems. To prevent, put anti-glare on your computer screen.
3. Back problems.To prevent, get an ergonomic chair.

Safety Risks
1.Loose wire that someone could trip over. To prevent, tidy wires away from walking area and band them together.
2.Eating and drinking around computers. Eat and drink away from computers
3.Licking power sockets. Keep tongue away from electrical sockets.

Web 2.0

Html is a way of opening up information for free, by using browsers

Can send info using the web version 1.0, you can only send one way, so that everyone can see it.

Web 2.0 is the idea where instead of writing, you create areas of the page, then an RSS feed gets the info and puts it into the areas.  WEB 2.0 IS LIVE. There not static, they’re active all the time. It’s social networking. You have a connection to your friend’s friends. An extended network. Channels feed in information into our networks.

 For collaboration. People’s information being combined.

A blog, like a diary, it’s chronological, from one perspective.

 Wiki is like a blank pad. People can write whatever, whenever. A live web 2.0 document.  Its collaboration.

The web is for sharing digital media. The physical side of digital media is dying. It’s now mostly on the internet. 

Difference between the old social networking and the new social networking is like Facebook vs. Twitter. Twitter broadcasts to the whole world, and with Facebook only your friends can see your stuff. This means with Twitter, we can communicate with new people you’ve never met.

Web 1.0 vs. Web 2.0

Internet was a set of telephone wired in Computers. Network of computers that were wired in.
Tim created HTTP which was a way of opening up HTML files for free, which was a way of free viewing and posting your info onto the internet. Your website going to the world was Web 1.0. Lets go and look at what people have written.

Web 2.0 is the idea that instead of writing on a website, you just create nice a areas of the page, like an empty grid, HTML then goes and fills up grids with specific live bits. Web 2.0 is not static it's live. Lets go and look at what somebody did 5 seconds ago. Channels are set up to feed in information to us. e.g. Wikipedia

What is a wiki? A site where everybody can collaborate all their knowledge and information. Like a massive pad that everybody can write on.
What is a blog? Is Chronological it is date based, like a diary.

People used to make a DVD and upload it, now people just upload it to Youtube. Hard Media in the future will quite possibly be unused.

Capbilities of Computers

Computers can only adapt if it is programmed into it.
Restricted to their knowledge base.

One great advantage of computers and robots is that they have no rights. They can work 24/7 and require no pay. Also they don't need to be feed. Basically they don't have any needs or wants.Also they are far more accurate and time sensitive.

For Example; Nuclear Power Plants are run by computers, this requires heat, pressure and time sensitivities.

In the short term Computers and Robots cost more, but in long run they save money.

There are trust problems with computers. There is no personal touches. Banks are a good example because they have to keep branches open because people don't trust computers enough and they relish the personal contact.

All Mark Schemes and Question papers

http://www.xtremepapers.me/

This isn't just ICT it's all CIE subjects    :)

Analogue and Digital

An ADC is an Analogue to Digital Converter. These are necessary because computers can't read or process Analogue data as it requires natural things e,g Electricity. Computers can only read binary code which is digital so requires a converter(ADC) to change from Analogue to Digital enabling the computer to read the Data.

I 'm not sure if it's only to read the info so can somebody check and comment for me. Cheers

Section 5: Data Types

a) identify different data types; logical/Boolean. alphanumeric/text, numeric (real and interger) and date
    remember acces task, e.g. logica/boolean = yes/no

b)select appropriate data types for a given set of a data: logical/Boolean, alphanumeric/text, numeric and date
   mostly number

c) describe what is mean by the terms file, record, field and key field
    primary key (key field) is a unique piece of information e.g. ID number at school
    file is a the whole grid
    record is a row
    field is the column
  
d)describe different database structures such as flat files and relational tables including the use of relationships, primary keys and foreign keys
     flat file is only one group of information
     foreign key is not unique
   

e) state the difference between analogue data and digital data 
    analogue (remember natural)
 modems and sound cards convert natural analogue waves into binary


f)explain the need for conversion between analogue and digital data
   because computers do not speak in analogue but in ones and zeros, we need to convert the natural analogue into ones and zeros,
does not speak and natural waves

Theory

Section 1

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/ict/

Hardware

The physical components of the system. For example a phone.

Software

Set of commands that are processed for an output. For example utility software which is used to change the system (control panel or system preferences). Application software such as Word Processing and Call of Duty. The operating system is also software, it is used so everything such as the printer and word can function and work together.

Components

Input devices: CPU (central processing unit), ROM (read only memory) is non volatile and is permanent, RAM (random access memory) holds what you are currently doing such as playing a game, it's continously changing and is volatile. RAM and ROM are primary memory, secondary storage is the hard drive.


Output devices: Printers such as laser.

Interface

GUI's (graphical user interface) are WIMP's (windows, icons, menu's, pointers) and Command line interface.



Types of Computers

• The big computer is called a mainframe used for bulk processing.
• Palmtop otherwise known as a netbook is a small laptop.
• Normal computer is a personal computer (PC)- desktop computer
• Personal digital assistant (PDA). An iPhone without the phone.NOT a phone.

Mainframe example:

Backing Storage

Fixed hard disks are used in file servers and are online. Portable hard diskswould be used for storing very large files that need to be transported from one device to another. Magnetic tapes are used for backups of file servers for computer networks. CD/DVD ROM are used because data can not be deleted off it whether it be accidental or on purpose. CD/ DVD R is used for the single burning of data. CD/DVD RW allows you to record over old data and update the information. DVD RAM is the same as DVD RW but allows for quicker access and can be overwritten more easily. Blu- ray has a capacity of about 50 GB, provides HD video and is used for storing films in high quality. Solid state backing storage is easily up datable and written and is more robust than other forms of storage. Pen drives can transport files and backup data from computer to computer. Flash memory cards are used in digital cameras, palmtops, mobile phones and MP3 players.

Section 1

Hardware:the physical components in a system eg.harddrive,

Software:disk utility software is used to change the system(control panel in system preferences) 3 types=
-set of commands
-operating system
-application
Components of a general-purpose computer: input device (eg. keyboard,mouse) CPU, RAM(random access memory)-holds what's going on now/ ROM(read only memory(non-volatile), Secondary Storage(hardrive), Output(printer)

Recent developments

Today, customers expect even the smallest of businesses to have a professional, informative website. Businesses that have failed to embrace the advancement of communications and ICT have put themselves at a disadvantage.
It is now common for adverts to include a web address in addition to, or even instead of a phone number.

Light pen: Where desktop space is limited, it is used instead of a mouse or for
drawing applications where a graphics tablet might be too big

Temperature sensor: Automatic washing machines, automatic cookers, central heating
controllers, computer-controlled greenhouses, scientific experiments
and environmental monitoring.

Pressure sensor: Burglar alarms, automatic washing machines, robotics, production line
control, scientific experiments and environmental monitoring

Graphics tablet: Inputting freehand drawings or retouch photographs.

Light sensor: Computer controlled greenhouses, burglar alarm systems, robotics,
production line control, scientific experiments and environmental
monitoring.

Optical Mark Reader: Inputting pencil marks on a form such as a school register, candidate exam answers, any application involving input of a choice of options.

Optical Character Reader: :Inputting text to a computer ready for processing by another software package such as word processors, spreadsheets, databases etc.

Video camera: Inputting moving pictures, often pre-recorded, into a computer
 
Web cam: Inputting moving pictures from a fixed position into a computer.

Bar code Reader: Inputting code numbers from products at a POS terminal, library books
and membership numbers.

Section 1

Software & Hardware & Components

Software: a set of commands processed for an output
   e.g        utility software is used to change the system
               operating system
               applications
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software

Hardware: Physical components in a system
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware

CPU (central processing unit)      

RAM(Random Access Memory)(continuosly changes)(holds whats going on right now)(Volitile)(Green)

ROM(Read Only Memory)(Black)(non-volitile)