Section 7 J

J. Expert system: systems that have been asked to perform the task of an expert. An expert is an expert because they have special knowledge of something. For a computer to have the knowledge of an expert you must teach them the foundation to be like an expert. This is called a knowledge base. They must also have a rule base(formula) for checking up on certain things. For example a machine is made to look for gold so when it checks for certain minerals the computer must look up certain values to see if the minerals are breaking it. An inference engine is also needed as it searches through the rule base to see what an input means. Hardware must pickup what sort of situation it is and what is needed to cope with it. Software is may be required to see if anything needs to be adhered to.

REMEMBER:
1.Knowledge Base(experts)
2.Rule Base(experts)
3.Inference Engine(technician)
4.Hardware(technician working with expert)
5.Software(technician working with expert)

Processing

Processing is changing.
Central processing unit(CPU) is the processor in the computer.
Computers are continuously changing what comes in, and sends it back out.

Computer modeling

Computer modeling is Simulations. Simulation is formulas and variables, variables are your 'what if?' question.

The immediacy is why computer modeling is important. You can immediately test, reset and edit.

Section 7

Sensors:

-weather sensors

-heart-rate monitors in hospitals

-fire alarm

-timers used in microwaves, races

1.ADC:

 (analogue digital converters) converts a continuous quantity to a discrete time digital representation.

2.Knowledge Base: what you will be dealing with

Eg.(there is rain)

3.Rule Base(formulas)

Eg.heart rate monitor(DANGER>ALARM)

4.Inference Enigma Alarm(google rule)

5.Hardware?

(monitor etc.)

6. Software

Modelling =simulating =.variables =answering ''what if'' question=

x3 types of processing:(any type of computer work where something goes in and comes out differently)

1. Batch processing.eg.Cheques-pile up cheques and at down time insert the cheques into a machine instead of doing it straight away.
2. Real time processing(happens now).In-Out-In.Anywhere where response is needed (right now) involving pc's for example a nuclear powerplant.

Online processing: down an internet connection with inputs.The processing is done somewhere else not on the computer your currently using. For example when you purchase airline tickets online your using your keyboard to do it however its been completed on a different computer somewhere else.

Uses for ITC and why

Newsletters:  King’s courier, News, detailed, paragraphs.

Website: Facebook, for people who are willing to visit the site, and people who have access to computers.

Presentations: PowerPoint communicates to a large audience, in one room.

Flyers: A summarised form of advertising

Poster: For visual advertisement where passer-by’s walk.

Music stores: More convenient, quality is higher, editing easier.

Health vs. safety

Health Risks
1.RSI (Repetitive Strain Injury) in hands. To prevent, take short breaks every 30 seconds.
2. Eye problems. To prevent, put anti-glare on your computer screen.
3. Back problems.To prevent, get an ergonomic chair.

Safety Risks
1.Loose wire that someone could trip over. To prevent, tidy wires away from walking area and band them together.
2.Eating and drinking around computers. Eat and drink away from computers
3.Licking power sockets. Keep tongue away from electrical sockets.

Health and Safety Problems and IT use

Safety Problems:
-don't eat or drink next to a computer.
-loose cables that can be tripped up on. Solution-tie them up or use wire management systems
-don't overload plug sockets

Health Problems:
-back pain. Solution-use ercanomic chairs
-eye problems.Solutions-take regular breaks and use anti-glare layer on monitor.However modern technology helps prevent eye problems anyway.

Must come up with example about fact that IT is used to help ideas.
-newsletters(a detailed paragraphed text) eg.kings courier-a newsletter because it has gaps in it's deliveries.
-presentations eg. powerpoint-great for large audiences
-flyers eg.(short, 'snappy' text)
-music scoring- you can easily edit mistakes made
-

Web 2.0

Html is a way of opening up information for free, by using browsers

Can send info using the web version 1.0, you can only send one way, so that everyone can see it.

Web 2.0 is the idea where instead of writing, you create areas of the page, then an RSS feed gets the info and puts it into the areas.  WEB 2.0 IS LIVE. There not static, they’re active all the time. It’s social networking. You have a connection to your friend’s friends. An extended network. Channels feed in information into our networks.

 For collaboration. People’s information being combined.

A blog, like a diary, it’s chronological, from one perspective.

 Wiki is like a blank pad. People can write whatever, whenever. A live web 2.0 document.  Its collaboration.

The web is for sharing digital media. The physical side of digital media is dying. It’s now mostly on the internet. 

Difference between the old social networking and the new social networking is like Facebook vs. Twitter. Twitter broadcasts to the whole world, and with Facebook only your friends can see your stuff. This means with Twitter, we can communicate with new people you’ve never met.

Section 6

Hacking: The unauthorized access of data. People do this to make money from the data. Having a firewall will help protect you from hackers however it wont guarantee it. Passwords and user I.D's can protect you from hacking also. Hacking does good for the hacker as they can make money from the info they gain but not good for the victim(s)

Virus: It's a program/software that corrupts and slows down a system and/or the data. Viruses do no good for anybody at all. Anti-virus scans the computer for known files with viruses.However it still allows viruses onto your computer. It gets rid of them once you've scanned the computer using "todays" list.

Employment: Computer/robots=unemployment. They're more efficient,faster and capable of doing things compared to humans. The lack of workers with appropriate IT skills means there must be re-skilling. More robots are being used in factories with hands on work. The movement of money is done by robots. However some banks prefer being face to face with the client.

Analogue and Digital

An ADC is an Analogue to Digital Converter. These are necessary because computers can't read or process Analogue data as it requires natural things e,g Electricity. Computers can only read binary code which is digital so requires a converter(ADC) to change from Analogue to Digital enabling the computer to read the Data.

I 'm not sure if it's only to read the info so can somebody check and comment for me. Cheers

Section 5: Data Types

a) identify different data types; logical/Boolean. alphanumeric/text, numeric (real and interger) and date
    remember acces task, e.g. logica/boolean = yes/no

b)select appropriate data types for a given set of a data: logical/Boolean, alphanumeric/text, numeric and date
   mostly number

c) describe what is mean by the terms file, record, field and key field
    primary key (key field) is a unique piece of information e.g. ID number at school
    file is a the whole grid
    record is a row
    field is the column
  
d)describe different database structures such as flat files and relational tables including the use of relationships, primary keys and foreign keys
     flat file is only one group of information
     foreign key is not unique
   

e) state the difference between analogue data and digital data 
    analogue (remember natural)
 modems and sound cards convert natural analogue waves into binary


f)explain the need for conversion between analogue and digital data
   because computers do not speak in analogue but in ones and zeros, we need to convert the natural analogue into ones and zeros,
does not speak and natural waves

Section 1

Hardware:the physical components in a system eg.harddrive,

Software:disk utility software is used to change the system(control panel in system preferences) 3 types=
-set of commands
-operating system
-application
Components of a general-purpose computer: input device (eg. keyboard,mouse) CPU, RAM(random access memory)-holds what's going on now/ ROM(read only memory(non-volatile), Secondary Storage(hardrive), Output(printer)

Recent developments

Today, customers expect even the smallest of businesses to have a professional, informative website. Businesses that have failed to embrace the advancement of communications and ICT have put themselves at a disadvantage.
It is now common for adverts to include a web address in addition to, or even instead of a phone number.

Light pen: Where desktop space is limited, it is used instead of a mouse or for
drawing applications where a graphics tablet might be too big

Temperature sensor: Automatic washing machines, automatic cookers, central heating
controllers, computer-controlled greenhouses, scientific experiments
and environmental monitoring.

Pressure sensor: Burglar alarms, automatic washing machines, robotics, production line
control, scientific experiments and environmental monitoring

Graphics tablet: Inputting freehand drawings or retouch photographs.

Light sensor: Computer controlled greenhouses, burglar alarm systems, robotics,
production line control, scientific experiments and environmental
monitoring.

Optical Mark Reader: Inputting pencil marks on a form such as a school register, candidate exam answers, any application involving input of a choice of options.

Optical Character Reader: :Inputting text to a computer ready for processing by another software package such as word processors, spreadsheets, databases etc.

Video camera: Inputting moving pictures, often pre-recorded, into a computer
 
Web cam: Inputting moving pictures from a fixed position into a computer.

Bar code Reader: Inputting code numbers from products at a POS terminal, library books
and membership numbers.

Section 1

Software & Hardware & Components

Software: a set of commands processed for an output
   e.g        utility software is used to change the system
               operating system
               applications
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software

Hardware: Physical components in a system
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware

CPU (central processing unit)      

RAM(Random Access Memory)(continuosly changes)(holds whats going on right now)(Volitile)(Green)

ROM(Read Only Memory)(Black)(non-volitile)

Inputs

Temperature sensor: Automatic washing machines, automatic cookers, central heating

controllers, computer-controlled greenhouses, scientific experiments

and environmental monitoring.

Pressure sensor: Burglar alarms, automatic washing machines, robotics, production line

control, scientific experiments and environmental monitoring

Light sensor: Computer controlled greenhouses, burglar alarm systems, robotics,

production line control, scientific experiments and environmental

monitoring

Graphics tablet: Inputting freehand drawings or retouch photographs

Optical Mark Reader: Inputting pencil marks on a form such as a school register, candidate

exam answers, any application involving input of a choice of options

Optical Character Reader: :Inputting text to a computer ready for processing by another software package such as word processors, spreadsheets, databases etc.

Bar code Reader: Inputting code numbers from products at a POS terminal, library books
and membership numbers

Video camera: Inputting moving pictures, often pre-recorded, into a computer

Web cam Inputting moving pictures from a fixed position into a computer

Light pen: Where desktop space is limited, it is used instead of a mouse or for
drawing applications where a graphics tablet might be too big

Lets Team up and all get A* !!!!

All sign up and blog the material in one place. I'll start with the important LABELS (TAGS)